CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
The Central Processing Unit is an important part of the internal feature of system unit. It is also known as computer chip or microprocessor.
FUNCTIONS OF CPU
1.      To perform mathematical calculations on binary numbers.
2.      It consumed less power with better performance.
3.      It provides viable connectivity to develop more advanced and parallel systems.
4.      It can be redesigned and converted to a small size, in order to increase the processing speed of the system.
5.      It provides very good compatibility with VLSI.
 MAIN DESIGN OF CPU
CPU is a complex designed unit which comprises many hardware components like motherboard and circuit and works by receiving set of instructions (known as program). The early designed CPU allowed only numeral and decimal system to represent numbers while the modern CPU allows representation of numbers in binary form.
The working and design of the CPU’s is based on the synchronization of the signal also known as clock signal which determines the movement of the electrical signal to the circuit of the CPU.
COMPONENTS OF CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT



CONTROL UNIT
The Control Unit of the CPU contains circuitry that uses electrical signals to direct the entire computer system to carry out or execute, stored program instructions. Like the orchestra leader, the control unit does not execute program instructions rather; it directs other parts of the system to do so.
FUNCTIONS OF CONTROL UNIT
(i)                 It directs the entire computer system to carry out stored program instructions.
(ii)               It communicates with both the arithmetic logic unit and main memory.
(iii)             It coordinates the activities of the other two units as well as of all peripheral and auxiliary storage devices.
(iv)             It uses the instruction contained in the Instruction Register to decide which circuits need to be activated.

(v)               It performs a process known as fetch – execute process which is the process of reading each instruction from memory into the instruction register.
ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT
Arithmetic Logic Unit contains the electronic circuitry that executes all arithmetic and logical operations.
WORKING OF ALU
(i)                 ALU executes both arithmetic and logical operations.
(ii)               Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
(iii)             Logical operation compares numbers, letters and special characters which could be equal – to, less than, greater than.
REGISTERS
Registers are temporary storage areas for instructions or data. They are not part of memory rather they are special additional storage locations that offers the advantage speed. It works under the direction of the control unit to accept, hold, and transfer instructions or data and perform arithmetic or logical comparison at high speed.
Computers usually assign special roles to certain register which could be:
(i)                 An accumulator, which collects the result of computations.
(ii)               An address register, which keeps track of where a given instruction or piece of data
is stored in memory.
(iii)             A storage register, which temporarily holds data taken from or about to be sent to memory.
(iv)             A general – purpose register, which is used for several functions.  

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